(1) turtles all the way down
The phrase comes from an anecdote told in the opening to Stephen Hawking's A Brief History of Time.
A well-known scientist (some say it was some say it was Bertrand Russell) once gave a public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the center of a vast collection of stars called our galaxy. At the end of the lecture, a little old lady at the back of the room got up and said: "What you have told us is rubbish. The world is really a flat plate supported on the back of a giant tortoise." The scientist gave a superior smile before replying, "What is the tortoise standing on?" "You're very clever, young man, very clever", said the old lady. "But it's turtles all the way down!"The phrase is used to describe any system that appears to have dependencies that never end.
(2) revision control
Revision control, also known as version control or source control, is the management of changes to documents, programs, and other information stored as computer files. It is most commonly used in software development, where a team of people may change the same files. Each revision is associated with a time stamp and the person making the change. Revisions can be compared, restored, and with some types of files, merged.
Example: http://git-scm.com/
(3) core dump
In computing, a core dump consists of the recorded state of the working memory of a computer program at a specific time, generally when the program has terminated abnormally (crashed).Core dumps are often used to assist in diagnosing and debugging errors in computer programs.
In more recent operating systems, a "core dump" is a file containing the memory image of a particular process, or the memory images of parts of the address space of that process, along with other information such as the values of processor registers. These files can be printed or viewed as text, or analysed with specialised tools such as objdump.
The term "core dump", "memory dump", or just "dump". has become jargon to indicate any storing of a large amount of raw data for further examination.
(4) Plan9
Best OS developed out there according to my professor.
Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a research system developed at Bell Labs starting in the late 1980s. Its original designers and authors were Ken Thompson, Rob Pike, Dave Presotto, and Phil Winterbottom.
Plan 9 demonstrates a new and often cleaner way to solve most systems problems.